On Friday, June 2, 2023, The Neural Engineering Lab partook in CCNY’s Commencement, celebrating with four doctoral students who defended in Fall 2023 or Spring 2023, or will defend in Summer 2023. Congratulations!

Mentor: Marom Bikson, PhD
Graduate: Adantchede Louis Zannou, PhD

Mentor: Lucas C. Parra, PhD
Graduates: Lukas Hirsch, PhD; Maximilian Nentwich, PhD; and Forouzan Vasheghani Farahani, PhD

Neural Engineering Lab Doctoral Graduates: Maximilian Nentwich, Forouzan Vasheghani Farahani, Lukas Hirsch, Adantchede Louis Zannou

Adantchede Louis Zannou with his PhD mentor, Professor Marom Bikson

Forouzan Vasheghani Farahani, Maximilian Nentwich, and Lukas Hirsch with their PhD mentor, Professor Lucas Parra

See the graduates be “hooded” in the link above!

2:42:47 to 2:44:45

eNeuro 2023 Apr 27;ENEURO.0429-22.2023. doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0429-22.2023.

Novel Evoked Synaptic Activity Potentials (ESAPs) elicited by Spinal Cord Stimulation

Mahima Sharma 1, Vividha Bhaskar 2, Lillian Yang 3, Mohamad FallahRad 2, Nigel Gebodh 2, Tianhe Zhang 4, Rosana Esteller 4, John Martin 3, Marom Bikson 2

PMID: 37130780 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0429-22.2023

Abstract: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) evokes fast epidural Evoked Compound Action Potential (ECAPs) that represent activity of dorsal column axons, but not necessarily a spinal circuit response. Using a multimodal approach, we identified and characterized a delayed and slower potential evoked by SCS that reflects synaptic activity within the spinal cord. Anesthetized female Sprague Dawley rats were implanted with an epidural SCS lead, epidural motor cortex stimulation electrodes, an epidural spinal cord recording lead, an intraspinal penetrating recording electrode array, and intramuscular electromyography (EMG) electrodes in the hindlimb and trunk. We stimulated the motor cortex or the epidural spinal cord and recorded epidural, intraspinal, and EMG responses. SCS pulses produced characteristic propagating ECAPs (composed of P1, N1, and P2 waves with latencies <2 ms) and an additional wave ("S1") starting after the N2. We verified the S1-wave was not a stimulation artifact and was not a reflection of hindlimb/trunk EMG. The S1-wave has a distinct stimulation-intensity dose response and spatial profile compared to ECAPs. CNQX (a selective competitive antagonist of AMPA receptors) significantly diminished the S1-wave, but not ECAPs. Furthermore, cortical stimulation, which did not evoke ECAPs, produced epidurally detectable and CNQX-sensitive responses at the same spinal sites, confirming epidural recording of an evoked synaptic response. Finally, applying 50 Hz SCS resulted in dampening of S1-wave, but not ECAPs. Therefore, we hypothesize that the S1-wave is synaptic in origin, and we term the S1-wave type responses: Evoked Synaptic Activity Potentials (ESAPs). The identification and characterization of epidurally recorded ESAPs from the dorsal horn may elucidate SCS mechanisms.Significance StatementSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an established treatment for chronic pain and has applications to other disorders and neurorehabilitation. Notwithstanding decades of trials and research, questions remain about SCS mechanisms of action - and indicators thereof. Recent technological developments have enabled the detection of Evoked Compound Action Potential (ECAPs) - reflecting synchronous activity of the dorsal column axons activated by SCS. However, ECAP is not a direct measure of sensory processing in the dorsal horn. Here, we identify and characterize a novel electrophysiological signal that is evoked and detectable by epidural SCS electrodes and reflects spinal synaptic currents. This new signal, termed an Evoked Synaptic Activity Potential (ESAP), is thus a novel means with which to interrogate spinal gray matter circuits during SCS.

Keywords: EMG; Epidural recording; Evoked Compound Action Potential (ECAP); Evoked Synaptic Activity Potentials (ESAP).

Marom Bikson, Ana Ganho-Ávila, Abhishek Datta, Bernadette Gillick, Morten Goertz Joensson, Sungjin Kim, Jinuk Kim, Adam Kirton, Kiwon Lee, Timothy Marjenin, Balder Onarheim, Erik M. Rehn, Alexander T. Sack, Gozde Unal.

Limited output transcranial electrical stimulation 2023 (LOTES-2023): Updates on engineering principles, regulatory statutes, and industry standards for wellness, over-the-counter, or prescription devices with low risk,

Brain Stimulation, 2023, ISSN 1935-861X,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2023.05.008. PDF

Abstract: The objective and scope of this Limited Output Transcranial Electrical Stimulation 2023 (LOTES-2023) guidance is to update the previous LOTES-2017 guidance. These documents should therefore be considered together. The LOTES provides a clearly articulated and transparent framework for the design of devices providing limited output (specified low-intensity range) transcranial electrical stimulation for a variety of intended uses. These guidelines can inform trial design and regulatory decisions, but most directly inform manufacturer activities - and hence were presented in LOTES-2017 as “Voluntary industry standard for compliance controlled limited output tES devices”. In LOTES-2023 we emphasize that these standards are largely aligned across international standards and national regulations (including those in USA, EU, and South Korea), and so might be better understood as “Industry standards for compliance controlled limited output tES devices”. LOTES-2023 is therefore updated to reflect a consensus among emerging international standards, as well as best available scientific evidence. “Warnings” and “Precautions” are updated to align with current biomedical evidence and applications. LOTES standards applied to a constrained device dose range, but within this dose range and for different use-cases, manufacturers are responsible to conduct device-specific risk management.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 2023. DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03211-3

Non-invasive electrical brain stimulation optimized for targeted and safe BBB opening

Neeraj Raghuraman Rajagopalan, William-Ray Vista, Masashi Fujimori, Laurien G. P. H. Vroomen, Juan M. Jiménez, Niranjan Khadka, Marom Bikson, Govindarajan Srimathveeravalli

Download PDF | Weblink

Abstract

High-voltage pulsed electric felds (HV-PEF) delivered with invasive needle electrodes for electroporation applications is known to induce of-target blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption. In this study, we sought to determine the feasibility of minimally invasive PEF application to produce BBB disruption in rat brain and identify the putative mechanisms mediating the efect. We observed dose-dependent presence of Evans Blue (EB) dye in rat brain when PEF were delivered with a skull mounted electrode used for neurostimulation application. Maximum region of dye uptake was observed while using 1500 V, 100 pulses, 100 µs and 10 Hz. Results of computational models suggested that the region of BBB disruption was occurring at thresholds of 63 V/cm or higher; well below intensity levels for electroporation. In vitro experiments recapitulating this efect with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) demonstrated cellular alterations that underlie BBB manifests at low-voltage high-pulse conditions without afecting cell viability or proliferation. Morphological changes in HUVECs due to PEF were accompanied by disruption of actin cytoskeleton, loss of tight junction protein—ZO-1 and VE-Cadherin at cell junctions and partial translocation into the cytoplasm. Uptake of propidium iodide (PI) in PEF treated conditions is less than 1% and 2.5% of total number of cells in high voltage (HV) and low-voltage (LV) groups, respectively, implying that BBB disruption to be independent of electroporation under these conditions. 3-D microfabricated blood vessel permeability was found to increase signifcantly following PEF treatment and confrmed with correlative cytoskeletal changes and loss of tight junction proteins. Finally, we show that the rat brain model can be scaled to human brains with a similar efect on BBB disruption characterized by electric feld strength (EFS) threshold and using a combination of two bilateral HD electrode configurations.

Prof. Marom Bikson gives an invited talk at the 2023 Northeast Bioengineering Conference on March 31, 2023 in Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Conference detail.

Dr. Bikson’s lecture is “Functional Neuroimaging as the Key to Effective Neurostimulation: Neuro-vascular Modulation?” Download slides PDF

Thanks to event co-host Dr. Hasan Ayaz for these photos from talk:

Slides from Prof. Marom Bikson’s guest lecture on Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (and non-invasive cranial nerves stimulation) to Dr. Bin He’s Neural Engineering course at Carnegie Mellon University on March 20, 2023.

Slides PDF

Prof. Marom Bikson will 2023 Bioelectronic Medicine Forum (April 4, 2023) held at New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY (and Zoom). More program details

Download Pro. Bikson’s presentation on “Personalized medicine (Neuromodulation technology) has individually tuned dose. “. PDF

Tentative Agenda, All Times EDT

8:30-8:45

Welcome and Introductions

8:45-9:00

Overview of the Bioelectronic Medicine Industry

James Cavuoto, Editor, Neurotech Reports

BioElectRx Business Report Editor James Cavuoto presents an overview of the bioelectronic medicine industry, including key players, technological roots, and market projections.

9:00-9:30

Keynote Address

Helen Mayberg, M.D., Director, Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

One of the pioneers in the field of neuromodulation for psychiatric disorders discusses the interplay between pharmacological and device interventions in treating disease.

9:30-10:15

Investment in Bioelectronic Medicine

JoJo Platt, Senior Contributing Editor, Neurotech Reports, Moderator

Josh Schulman, Ph.D., Chief Science Officer, Joy Ventures

Amy Kruse, Ph.D., Chief Innovation Officer, Satori Capital

In this session, investment professionals active in the life sciences industry will offer their views on the investment climate for bioelectronic medicine.

10:15-10:45

Refreshment Break

10:45-11:30

Entrepreneur Panel I

James Cavuoto, Editor, Neurotech Reports, Moderator

Brad Schmidt, Ph.D., CEO, Panaxium

Sandro Ferrari, Ph.D., Director of Operations, WISE srl

Presentations from executives of emerging bioelectronic medicine firms.

11:30-12:00

Exploiting the Enteric Nervous System

James Cavuoto, Editor, Neurotech Reports, Moderator

Victor Pikov, Ph.D., CEO, Medipace Inc.

Jennifer French, Executive Director, Neurotech Network

The brain-gut connection not only opens the door to new bioelectronic medicine therapies for gastrointestinal disorders, it also offers a potential back door to the CNS. In this session, we'll explore potential new therapies and opportunities to collaborate with biopharma firms.

12:00-1:00

Luncheon

1:00-1:30

Luncheon Speaker

Will Pitkin, Senior Director of Business Development and Neuromodulation Strategy, Cirtec Medical

1:30-2:15

Biomarkers Close the Loop in Bioelectronic Medicine

Victor Pikov, Ph.D., Contributing Editor, Neurotech Reports, Moderator

Marom Bikson, Ph.D., Professor of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York

Imanuel Lerman, M.D., Founder, InflammaSense

The ability to track neural activity offers bioelectronic medicine vendors several advantages. In this session, we'll look at examples of closed-loop neuromodulation and discuss new areas that stand to beneift.

2:15-3:00

Entrepreneur Panel II

James Cavuoto, Editor, Neurotech Reports, Moderator

Marc Powell, Ph.D., CEO, Reach Neuro Inc.

Karen Crow, CEO and Co-Founder, NeuroGeneces

Presentations from executives of emerging bioelectronic medicine firms.

3:00-3:30

Refreshment Break

3:30-4:15

Entrepreneur Panel III

James Cavuoto, Editor, Neurotech Reports, Moderator

Christine Aytug, Director of Business Development, Evren Technologies

Jacob Robinson, Ph.D., Co-Founder and CEO, Motif Neurotech

Presentations from executives of emerging bioelectronic medicine firms.

4:15-5:00

Who Foots the Bill? New Economic Models and Reimbursement Options

Jeremy Koff, Senior Consulting Editor, Neurotech Reports, Moderator

Renee Ryan, CEO, Cala Health

Mark Domyahn, Partner, J.D. Lymon Group

Bioelectronic medicine therapies occupy some new terrain when it comes to payment models and reimbursement strategies. In this session, we'll explore recent trends in device coverage and look at best practices for obtaining reimbursement.

5:00-6:30

Cocktail Reception

(Update): The articles was featured on the cover of the issue of Brain Stimulation

Unal, G., Poon, C, FallahRad, M., Thahsin, M. Argyelan, M., Bikson, M. Quasi-static pipeline in electroconvulsive therapy computational modeling. Brain Stimulation. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2023.03.007 PDF

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Why it matters:

As in all neuromodulation domains, computational current flow models of ECT are increasingly used to inform device/therapy optimization and study mechanisms of actions. ECT is unique in applying repeated high-intensity electrical pulse across the skin. The quasi-static assumption is always applied in such models.

But we believe the skin responds in a complex (frequency-specific, intensity sensitive, non-linear) way to the ECT stimulation, which makes the application of the quasi-static assumption problematic.

In this paper, we don't ignore this problem, but address it head on.
Good news: we develop a solution that allows a quasi-static pipeline to be used, under a central (experimentally justified) assumption of a 'representative-frequency'. This "rescues" past ECT modeling efforts, and allows for more realistic consideration of how static-impedance and dynamic-impedance arise and can inform ECT analysis.

__________________________________

ABSTRACT

Background

Computational models of current flow during Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) rely on the quasi-static assumption, yet tissue impedance during ECT may be frequency specific and change adaptively to local electric field intensity.

Objectives

We systematically consider the application of the quasi-static pipeline to ECT under conditions where 1) static impedance is measured before ECT and 2) during ECT when dynamic impedance is measured. We propose an update to ECT modeling accounting for frequency-dependent impedance.

Methods

The frequency content on an ECT device output is analyzed. The ECT electrode-body impedance under low-current conditions is measured with an impedance analyzer. A framework for ECT modeling under quasi-static conditions based on a single device-specific frequency (e.g., 1 kHz) is proposed.

Results

Impedance using ECT electrodes under low-current is frequency dependent and subject specific, and can be approximated at >100 Hz with a subject-specific lumped parameter circuit model but at <100 Hz increased non-linearly. The ECT device uses a 2 μA 800 Hz test signal and reports a static impedance that approximate 1 kHz impedance. Combined with prior evidence suggesting that conductivity does not vary significantly across ECT output frequencies at high-currents (800–900 mA), we update the adaptive pipeline for ECT modeling centered at 1 kHz frequency. Based on individual MRI and adaptive skin properties, models match static impedance (at 2 μA) and dynamic impedance (at 900 mA) of four ECT subjects.

Conclusions

By considering ECT modeling at a single representative frequency, ECT adaptive and non-adaptive modeling can be rationalized under a quasi-static pipeline.

Kevin Walsh shares research titled "Heart Rate Variability Measured via Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Devices, Tissue Impedance, and Deep Learning" in a poster presentation competition.

Follow his research here:

https://www.linkedin.com/in/kevinandrewwalsh/

https://www.kevinandrewwalsh.com/

Read the article here

CCNY Neural Engineering will be represented at the 5th International Brain Stimulation Conference, 19–22 February 2023. Lisbon, Portugal

Dr. Gozde Unal will present a poster on “Quasi-static assumption in electroconvulsive therapy- computational modeling”. Download poster PDF

Dr. Marom Bikson will present an on-demand symposium with poster on “Neuro-vascular Modulation and Brain Response to Transcranial Electrical Stimulation”. Watch the video here. Download slides PDF here.

And the following additional poster presentations:

P3.002 AT-HOME TELEHEALTH TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION FOR TREATMENT RESISTANT DEPRESSION. Amy Vogel-Eyny, Hyein Cho, Giuseppina Pilloni, Allan George, Matthew Lustberg, Abhishek Datta, Marom Bikson, Kamran Nazim, R. Erik Charlson, Leigh Charvet

P1.177 REMOTELY SUPERVISED TDCS FOR PERSISTENT POST-TRAUMATIC HEADACHE IN VETERANS (RESTORE). Michelle Androulakis, Kiersten Mangold, Adam Harrison, Robert Davis Moore, Siyuan Guo, Jiajia Zhang, Abhishek Datta, Marom Bikson, Leigh Charvet

P1.055 Transcranial Electrical Stimulation in Stroke EaRly After onset Clinical Trial (TESSERACT). Mersedeh Bahr-Hosseini, Kambiz Nael, Marco Iacoboni, David Liebeskind, Marom Bikson, Jeffrey Saver. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2023.01.358

Eur J Neurol 2023 Jan 24. doi: 10.1111/ene.15710.

Transcranial direct current stimulation and neurovascular modulation

Marom Bikson

Read PDF

Non-invasive brain stimulation for fatigue in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) . Brain Stimulation. 16 (203) 100-107

Journal link. PDF

Kelly Santana a , Eduardo França a , Joao Sato ~ b , Ana Silva a , Maria Queiroz a , Julia de Farias a , Danniely Rodrigues a , Iara Souza a , Vanessa Ribeiro c , Egas Caparelli-Daquer d , Antonio L. Teixeira e, f , Leigh Charvet g , Abhishek Datta h, i , Marom Bikson h , Suellen Andrade a,

a Federal University of Paraíba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil ~ b Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil c Department of Health, Government of Paraíba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil ~ d Nervous System Electric Stimulation Lab, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil e Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, United States f Faculdade Santa Casa BH, Belo Horizonte, Brazil g Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, United States h Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, United States i Research & Development, Soterix Medical, Inc., New York, United States

Abstract

Background: and purpose: Fatigue is among the most common persistent symptoms following postacute sequelae of Sars-COV-2 infection (PASC). The current study investigated the potential therapeutic effects of High-Definition transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS) associated with rehabilitation program for the management of PASC-related fatigue. Methods: Seventy patients with PASC-related fatigue were randomized to receive 3 mA or sham HD-tDCS targeting the left primary motor cortex (M1) for 30 min paired with a rehabilitation program. Each patient underwent 10 sessions (2 sessions/week) over five weeks. Fatigue was measured as the primary outcome before and after the intervention using the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). Pain level, anxiety severity and quality of life were secondary outcomes assessed, respectively, through the McGill Questionnaire, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and WHOQOL. Results: Active HD-tDCS resulted in significantly greater reduction in fatigue compared to sham HD-tDCS (mean group MFIS reduction of 22.11 points vs 10.34 points). Distinct effects of HD-tDCS were observed in fatigue domains with greater effect on cognitive (mean group difference 8.29 points; effect size 1.1; 95% CI 3.56e13.01; P < .0001) and psychosocial domains (mean group difference 2.37 points; effect size 1.2; 95% CI 1.34e3.40; P < .0001), with no significant difference between the groups in the physical subscale (mean group difference 0.71 points; effect size 0.1; 95% CI 4.47e5.90; P ¼ .09). Compared to sham, the active HD-tDCS group also had a significant reduction in anxiety (mean group difference 4.88; effect size 0.9; 95% CI 1.93e7.84; P < .0001) and improvement in quality of life (mean group difference 14.80; effect size 0.7; 95% CI 7.87e21.73; P < .0001). There was no significant difference in pain (mean group difference 0.74; no effect size; 95% CI 3.66e5.14; P ¼ .09). Conclusion: An intervention with M1 targeted HD-tDCS paired with a rehabilitation program was effective in reducing fatigue and anxiety, while improving quality of life in people with PASC.

Quasi-static approximation error of electric feld analysis for transcranial current stimulation.

J. Neural Eng. 20 (2023) 016027 PDF journal link

Gabriel Gaugain 1, , Lorette Quéguiner 1 , Marom Bikson 2 , Ronan Sauleau 1 , Maxim Zhadobov 1 , Julien Modolo 3 and Denys Nikolayev 1

1 Univ Rennes, CNRS, IETR (Institut d’électronique et des technologies du numérique) - UMR 6164, 35000 Rennes, France 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, United States of America 3 Univ Rennes, INSERM, LTSI (Laboratoire traitement du signal et de l’image) – U1099, 35000 Rennes, France ∗

Abstract Objective. Numerical modeling of electric fields induced by transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is currently a part of the standard procedure to predict and understand neural response. Quasi-static approximation (QSA) for electric field calculations is generally applied to reduce the computational cost. Here, we aimed to analyze and quantify the validity of the approximation over a broad frequency range. Approach. We performed electromagnetic modeling studies using an anatomical head model and considered approximations assuming either a purely ohmic medium (i.e. static formulation) or a lossy dielectric medium (QS formulation). The results were compared with the solution of Maxwell’s equations in the cases of harmonic and pulsed signals. Finally, we analyzed the effect of electrode positioning on these errors. Main results. Our findings demonstrate that the QSA is valid and produces a relative error below 1% up to 1.43 MHz. The largest error is introduced in the static case, where the error is over 1% across the entire considered spectrum and as high as 20% in the brain at 10 Hz. We also highlight the special importance of considering the capacitive effect of tissues for pulsed waveforms, which prevents signal distortion induced by the purely ohmic approximation. At the neuron level, the results point a difference of sense electric field as high as 22% at focusing point, impacting pyramidal cells firing times. Significance. QSA remains valid in the frequency range currently used for tACS. However, neglecting permittivity (static formulation) introduces significant error for both harmonic and non-harmonic signals. It points out that reliable low frequency dielectric data are needed for accurate transcranial current stimulation numerical modeling.

Prof. Marom Bikson will moderate and present content at the NANS 2023 meeting.

Jan 12, 2023 8 AM - Pre-conference workshop “Engineering Principles of DBS and SCS in Clinical Practice: General Introduction and Emerging Concepts” co-directed by Scott Lempka and Marom Bikson.

Dr. Bikson will also present: “Neurostimulation fundamentals: Dose, current flow, and neural activation”. Download PDF

Jan 13, 2023, 10:30 AM. Session “F6 - Neural Engineering: Engineering Principles of DBS and SCS in Clinical Practice: Emerging Concepts”. Dr. Bikson speaks on “SCS: Synaptic Evoked Potentials” Downloads slides PDF

Jan 13, 2023, 4 PM. Session “F7 - Neuromodulation Fundamentals: Non-Neuronal Effects”. Dr. Bikson speaks on “SCS: Neurovascular modulation and heating” Download slides PDF

Also on Jan 14, 2024 10:30 AM Dr. Bikson moderates session “S6 - Novel Indications of Non-Invasive Neurostimulation Technologies”

Video lectures given by Marom Bikson and Gozde Unal at National Center of Neuromodulation for Rehabilitation (Medical University of South Carolina) are not availabel.

Dr. Marom Bikson speak on “Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) technology: A difference to be a difference must make a difference.“ Link

Dr. Gozde Unal speak on '“Computational models" Link

On November 3rd, Marom Bikson celebrated and recognized those lab members who successfully helped plan and execute the 2022 Neuroergonomics and NYC Neuromodulation Conference that took place in July/August 2022 on City College’s campus. The Lab Group celebrated eating delicious Mediterranean food at a restaurant in Brooklyn.

[Not pictured, but deserve full recognition: Ahmed Benmansour (Conference Organizer), Cynthia Poon and Carliza Canela (B.E. Alumni - Undergraduate Research Assistants)]

Pictured from left to right: Brian Aguilar Avila (Administrative Specialist), Mohigul Nasimova, Vividha Bhaskar, Kristian Jacome ((Undergraduate Research Assistants), Marom Bikson (Principal Investigator), Kishaloy Arghu (Undergraduate Research Assistant), Kevin Walsh (PhD Student - Graduate Research Assistant), Jack Beaty (MS Student - Graduate Research Assistant), Gozde Unal (Postdoctoral Fellow), Mohamad FallahRad (PhD Student and Lead Engineer), and Myesha Thasin (MS Student - Graduate Research Assistant).

Pictured from left to right: Brian Aguilar Avila (Administrative Specialist), Mohigul Nasimova, Vividha Bhaskar, Kristian Jacome ((Undergraduate Research Assistants), Marom Bikson (Principal Investigator), Kishaloy Arghu (Undergraduate Research Assistant), Kevin Walsh (PhD Student - Graduate Research Assistant), Jack Beaty (MS Student - Graduate Research Assistant), Gozde Unal (Postdoctoral Fellow), Mohamad FallahRad (PhD Student and Lead Engineer), and Myesha Thasin (MS Student - Graduate Research Assistant).

On Nov 18th 2022, Prof. Marom Bikson speaks at the International Neuromodulation Symposium on “Developing tDCS as a therapeutic tool”.

Slides: PDF

Dr. Marom Bikson joins the faculty of the International Neuromodulation Society (INS) 2022 interim meeting in Mumbai, India. Nov 11-Nov 13, 2022. event details

Dr. Bikson will gives three talks:

On Nov 11, 2022: “tDCS for COVID and Long-COVID” slides PDF

On Nov 11, 2022: “Neurovascular Modulation: A New Mechanistic Paradigm Linking Diverse Invasive and Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Approaches.” slides PDF

On Nov 13, 2022: “Evoked Synaptic Excitatory Potentials (ESAPs): Origins and implications for Spinal Cord Stimulation”

International Network of Neuroimaging Neuromodulation (INNN) Webinar Series Nov 3, 2022

Even details

Prof. Marom Bikson speaks on “Notes on the limits of electric field sensitivity”

Slides PDF