New Pub: 2025 international guideline on tES

Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: Safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines (2017–2025: An update) – endorsed by the European Society for Brain Stimulation (ESBS) and by the International Federation for Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN)

2025 Clinical Neurophysiology Available online 23 November 2025, 2111436

Andrea Antal , Jovana Bjekić , Ana Ganho-Ávila , Ivan Alekseichuk , Sara Assecondi , Til Ole Bergmann , Marom Bikson , Jerome Brunelin , Andre R Brunoni , Leigh Charvet , Robert Chen , Roi Cohen Kadosh , Lukas Diedrich , Giordano D’Urso , Roberta Ferrucci , Saša R Filipović , Paul B Fitzgerald , Agnes Flöel , Flavio Fröhlich , Mark S George , Roy H. Hamilton , Jens Haueisen , Mark Hallett , Christoph S Herrmann , Friedhelm C Hummel , Shapour Jaberzadeh , Berthold Langguth , Michal Lavidor , Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur , Carlo Miniussi , Vera Moliadze , Mika Nikander , Stevan Nikolin , Michael A Nitsche , Alexander Opitz , Jacinta O’Shea , Frank Padberg , Christian Plewnia , Alberto Priori , Perianen Ramasawmy , Lais B Razza , Simone Rossi , John Rothwell , Maria A Rueger , Giulio Ruffini , Alexander T Sack , Ricardo Salvador , Klaus Schellhorn , Teresa Schuhmann , Yuichiro Shirota , Hartwig Roman Siebner , Axel Thielscher , Yoshikazu Ugawa , Susanne Uusitalo , Anna Wexler , Walter Paulus , Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt , Vincent Van Waes , Maximilian J Wessel , Miles Wischnewski , Chris BaekenUlf Ziemann