Kyle Donnery, Mohamad FallahRad, Catarina V. Ferraz, Mark S. George, Roy H. Hamilton, Marom Bikson. (2026) Advancing Brain Stimulation to First-Line Psychiatric Therapy: Wearable Disposable Electrotherapy. American Journal of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20250669 download PDF
Salehinejad, M.A., Hallajian, AH., Wischnewski, M. Alemanm M, Bikson, M et al. Transcranial electrical stimulation for the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder: a triple meta-analysis. Nat. Mental Health (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44220-026-00590-z download: PDF
Ghazaleh Soleimani, Ivan Alekseichuk, Christian Aurup, Til Ole Bergmann, Sven Bestmann, Lysianne Beynel, Carys Evans, Flavio Frohlich, Peyman Ghobadi-Azbari, Colleen A. Hanlon, Florian Kasten, Elisa E. Konofagou, Maximilian Lueckel, Javier Márquez-Ruiz, Lucia Mencarelli, Mohsen Mosayebi-Samani, Cecilia Neige, Alexander Opitz, Angel Peterchev, Oula Puonti, Harold A. Sackeim, Guillermo Sánchez-Garrido Campos, Hartwig R. Siebner, Axel Thielscher, Andreas Vlachos, Mihaly Voroslakos, Michael A. Nitsche, Sarah H. Lisanby, Marom Bikson, Hamed Ekhtiari,
Dose-Response Relationships in Transcranial Brain Stimulation: Physics, Physiology and Mechanism, Brain Stimulation, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2026.103067.
Abstract: The use of noninvasive transcranial brain stimulation methods, such as transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS), and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), has grown significantly over the past two decades. Evidence indicates that the dose-response relationship in brain stimulation is neither straightforward nor monotonic, with outcomes influenced by factors such as the brain state, anatomical variability, and neurophysiological mechanisms. Despite advancements in the field, there is still no consensus on standards for estimating and reporting delivered and received stimulation doses or defining dose-response relationships. This paper addresses these gaps by discussing four key areas: (1) factors influencing the delivered dose (stimulation parameters applied at the scalp), (2) quantification of the received dose (electric or acoustic fields delivered to brain tissue), (3) characterization of physiological, behavioral, and molecular responses to specific delivered/received doses, and (4) the dose-response relationship, which describes how variations in dose modulate brain function and behavior. Drawing on evidence from human and animal studies conducted in silico, in vitro, and in vivo, we outline challenges, propose solutions, and summarize current consensus standards. By promoting rigorous methodologies and transparent reporting, this paper aims to advance the reproducibility, safety, and efficacy of research on dose-response assessment in transcranial brain stimulation and its clinical applications.
Matej Slovak, David Kemlink, Pavel Dusek, Petra Rekova, Vratislav Fabian, Martin Jurka, Davide Carone, Alistair Perry, George W.J. Harston, Evzen Ruzicka, Dagmar Altmanova, Lukas Lambert, Andrea Burgetova, Helena Knotkova, Abhishek Datta, Marom Bikson, Michael A. Nitsche, Mersedeh Bahr-Hosseini, Jeffrey L. Saver, Transcranial direct current stimulation is safe and feasible in hyperacute ischemic stroke (DICAST-SF trial), Neurotherapeutics, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurot.2026.e00844
Abstract: Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (C-tDCS) is a potential neuroprotective method in the hyperacute phase of ischemic stroke. We aimed to assess safety, tolerability, feasibility, and potential efficacy of C-tDCS in stroke patients with salvageable penumbra. DICAST-SF was a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled (3 active: 1 sham), 3 + 3 dose-escalation trial. Inclusion criteria were stroke due to occlusion of the internal carotid or middle cerebral artery, last known well time within 24 h, substantial penumbra on CT perfusion, and ineligibility for mechanical thrombectomy. We applied C-tDCS at six dose tiers over the affected primary motor cortex. The primary safety outcome was the symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) rate at 24 h post-stimulation. Secondary outcomes included the rates of asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (AICH), early neurological deterioration, serious adverse events, and 90-day mortality. Tolerability was assessed by completion rate and questionnaires. Feasibility threshold was defined as median randomization-to-C-tDCS start time within 10 min in the last ten patients. Twenty five patients were enrolled (19 active, 6 sham), mean age 81 (SD 12) years, 16 women, median NIHSS 8 (IQR 6–16). Ten active and 4 sham patients were treated with thrombolysis. No SICH occurred. Three AICH (2 post-thrombolysis) occurred in the active arm. Rates of early deterioration, serious adverse events, and mortality (4 active vs. 2 sham) were comparable. C-tDCS was well tolerated and feasible, median randomization-to-C-tDCS start time was 8 (7–9) min. C-tDCS in hyperacute stroke was safe, well tolerated, and feasible. Findings support further evaluation in larger efficacy trials.
Trial registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04801446.
New lab publication:
Kimberley Ladner, Eline M. Versantvoort, Marjolein E.G. Thijssen, Dave Mugan, Stuart N. Baker, Alexander Kraskov, Quoc C. Vuong, Mahima Sharma, Marom Bikson, Birte E. Dietz, Stefano Palmisani, Ilona Obara (2026) Electrophysiologic Characteristics of Epidural Spinal Signals in Preclinical Models of Spinal Cord Stimulation. Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface in press https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurom.2026.01.001
Wahezi S, Kaye AD, Yener U, Hunter C, George TK, Bikson M, Caparo M, Day M, Eshraghi Y, Kaufman A, Zhang H, Pak D, Pritzlaff S, Cifti HB, Shaparin N, Schatman M, Lempka S, Manchikanti L. Selecting Neuromodulation Devices For Chronic Pain Conditions: A Narrative Review. Pain Physician. 2026 Jan;29(1):17-36. PMID: 41628204. PDF
Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: Safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines (2017–2025: An update) – endorsed by the European Society for Brain Stimulation (ESBS) and by the International Federation for Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN)
2025 Clinical Neurophysiology Available online 23 November 2025, 2111436
Andrea Antal , Jovana Bjekić , Ana Ganho-Ávila , Ivan Alekseichuk , Sara Assecondi , Til Ole Bergmann , Marom Bikson , Jerome Brunelin , Andre R Brunoni , Leigh Charvet , Robert Chen , Roi Cohen Kadosh , Lukas Diedrich , Giordano D’Urso , Roberta Ferrucci , Saša R Filipović , Paul B Fitzgerald , Agnes Flöel , Flavio Fröhlich , Mark S George , Roy H. Hamilton , Jens Haueisen , Mark Hallett , Christoph S Herrmann , Friedhelm C Hummel , Shapour Jaberzadeh , Berthold Langguth , Michal Lavidor , Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur , Carlo Miniussi , Vera Moliadze , Mika Nikander , Stevan Nikolin , Michael A Nitsche , Alexander Opitz , Jacinta O’Shea , Frank Padberg , Christian Plewnia , Alberto Priori , Perianen Ramasawmy , Lais B Razza , Simone Rossi , John Rothwell , Maria A Rueger , Giulio Ruffini , Alexander T Sack , Ricardo Salvador , Klaus Schellhorn , Teresa Schuhmann , Yuichiro Shirota , Hartwig Roman Siebner , Axel Thielscher , Yoshikazu Ugawa , Susanne Uusitalo , Anna Wexler , Walter Paulus , Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt , Vincent Van Waes , Maximilian J Wessel , Miles Wischnewski , Chris BaekenUlf Ziemann
Donnery Kyle, Pilloni Giuseppina, FallahRad Mohamad, Lee Kiwon, Han Byungyun, Park Soonhi, Kim Jihye, Charvet Leigh, Bikson Marom. (2026) Automated thermo-mechanical therapy for immediate relief in chronic non-specific lower back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Neuroergonomics. Volume 6 - 2025. DOI=10.3389/fnrgo.2025.1674928 PDF
ABSTRACT: ObjectiveChronic non-specific lower back pain (cNSLBP) is a prevalent and disabling condition, imposing a substantial socioeconomic burden due to high healthcare costs and productivity losses, with limited accessible and effective long-term treatment options. Automated Thermo-mechanical Therapy (ATT) is a promising, non-drug intervention that leverages innovative technical advances to provide multimodal pain relief, offering accessibility and low-cost delivery. This study tested ATT for immediate pain relief in individuals with cNSLBP in a single-session, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.MethodsForty participants with cNSLBP were assigned to receive either active ATT (n = 20) or control ATT (n = 20) in a 40-min session with urn randomization. The active device applied heated cylindrical rollers along the spine, using far-infrared heat and mechanical tissue stimulation tailored to spinal alignment. In the control condition, the device used minimal mechanical therapy intensity without heat, targeting only the cervical area to avoid lower back therapeutic effects. Pre- and post-intervention assessments measured changes in pain intensity (primary outcome) via a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS-P100), alongside secondary outcomes assessing pain characteristics, anxiety, and functional mobility.ResultsThe active ATT group showed a significant reduction in pain on the VAS-P100, with an average decrease of 46.8%, compared to 17.0% in the control group. Participants in the active group also reported significantly greater subjective pain relief (p = 7.88e−05). Secondary outcomes demonstrated significant improvements in lumbar flexibility (Modified-Modified Schober Test, MMST) for the active ATT group compared to the control group (p = 0.0031). No adverse events were reported, and all participants tolerated the intervention well.ConclusionsA single session of ATT provides immediate, significant pain relief in individuals with cNSLBP, supporting its potential as a safe, non-invasive option for managing chronic back pain. Future studies should examine the long-term benefits of repeated ATT sessions and explore mechanistic insights into thermo-mechanical stimulation's effects on pain and function.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT06769321.
Marom Bikson, Andre R. Brunoni, Mark S. George. US FDA approves home-delivered tDCS for treating depression. Brain Stimulation. Volume 19, Issue 1. 2026,103021, ISSN 1935-861X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2025.103021 PDF
Mersedeh Bahr-Hosseini, Mona Asghariahmadabad, Marom Bikson, Jeffrey L. Saver, David S. Liebeskind, Kambiz Nael. Changes in Oxygen Metabolism Biomarkers of Ischemic Tissue Treated With Electrical Stimulation. Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology 2025 https://doi.org/10.1161/SVIN.125.002094 PDF
In the first-in-human proof-of-concept TESSERACT study (Transcranial Electrical Stimulation in Stroke Early After Onset Clinical Trial), delivering high-definition cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (HD C-tDCS) to penumbral tissue was shown to be a feasible and tolerable treatment strategy for acute ischemic stroke.
Prof. Marom Bikson gives to lectures the COPENHAGEN BRAIN STIMULATION 2025
Slides PDF
Key references:
Khadka, N., Woods, A. J., & Bikson, M. (2019) Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Electrodes. In: Knotkova H., Nitsche M., Bikson M., Woods A. (eds) Practical Guide to Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95948-1_10 PDF
Merrill, D. R., Bikson, M., & Jefferys, J. G. R. (2005). Electrical stimulation of excitable tissue: Design of efficacious and safe protocols. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 141(2), 171-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.10.020 PDF
Slides PDF
Key references:
Mohamad FallahRad, Kyle Donnery, Mojtaba Belali Koochesfahani, Zeeshan Chaudhry, Rayyan Bhuiyan, Benjamin Babaev, Matthew Saw, Tiffany Liu, Miguel R. Diaz Uraga, Mahdi Zaman, Kisholoy Saha, Osvaldo Velarde, Ayman Rddad, Niranjan Khadka, Myesha Thahsin, Alexander Couzis & Marom Bikson. Wearable disposable electrotherapy. Nat Commun 16, 9060 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-64101-x PDF
High-Capacity transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HC-tDCS) Preprint
“High-Definition Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (HD-tES): Prospects in Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders)” Dr. Marom Bikson keynote remote presentation at “2025 Hongdao Psychiatry Development Conference: Current Status and Future of Neuromodulation Technology.” hosted by Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, November 15, 2025, in Hefei, China.
Watch recording on YouTube
Grove School in medical breakthrough with wearable disposable electrotherapy
Imagine going to the pharmacy and getting an adhesive bandage that applies gentle energy to accelerate wound healing, reduce infection or enhance skin complexion. Or sticking a patch on your forehead to control a migraine, depression or other brain disorders. Or getting your next vaccine booster not through a needle, but from sticker. These may soon be a reality, thanks to cutting-edge research at The City College of New York led by the Grove School of Engineering’s Dr. Marom Bikson, Dr. Mohamad FallahRad, and Dean Alexander Couzis.
Entitled “Wearable Disposable Electrotherapy,” the CCNY team’s work appears in the prestigious journal Nature Communications. “It’s a novel platform for medicine. Single-use millimeter-thick adhesive patches, each tuned to deliver a specific therapy. Applications include enhancing the skins healing processes, applying energy to treat brain disorders, and delivering drugs through the skin.”, said Bikson, who leads the Neural Engineering Group in the Grove School.
The disposable single-use devices, which is as discreet as adhesive bandages, is activated simply by placement on the body. The device senses the body and, over a few minutes or an hour, delivers a single therapy dose. Then device can then be removed and thrown away. Bikson commented “We call is wearable medicine.”
What makes Wearable Disposable Electrotherapy a technological breakthrough is that each patch is a thin electronic device able to deliver a therapeutic dose, but there are no packaged batteries or electrical components. Couzis explains “Since each patch is single use and disposable, we needed environmentally benign materials - so, no electronics. Wearable Disposable Electrotherapy is the first electronics-free device that can sense and change the body. It took over six years and multiple innovation in chemical, electrical, and biomedical engineering achieve this product.”
The prescribed therapy dose is regulated by a flexible architecture consisting of dozens of printed chemicals components- together they form a thin 3D electrochemical. “Without using any electrical components, we created a device that self-powers and regulates therapy out of its electrochemical network. For each application, such as wound healing, or electrical therapy or a drug-delivery patch, a unique electrochemical structure is created.” But using only scalable additive printing technology and abundant materials, the cost of each device is reduced to pennies.
The use of the device determines its shape and function. For wound healing and skin enhancement applications, Wearable Disposable Electrotherapy are made like adhesive bandages, but the added benefit of bioelectric healing. For uses such as migraine, depression, or dementia a path across the forehead delivery therapeutic electricity to the brain. For drug delivery, such a pain medication or even vaccines, the drug is also built into the device which delivers it through the skin when the patch is applied.
Wearable Disposable Electrotherapy has already been featured in conferences including the International Brain Stimulation Conference and the Neuroscience of the Everyday World where the physician and scientists audiences hailed it as a “transformative technology” and a “new category of medicine”.
Both Dr. Couzis and Dr. Bikson has previously launch successful City College of New York spinoffs including having started Urban Electrical Power and Soterix Medical, respectively.
“We have produced prototypes for each application and proven they deliver the prescribed therapy. We are now planning clinical trials. For each use case we are working with leading medical centers to test therapy efficacy,” said Bikson.
So, the next time instead of a pill or needle you’re offered an adhesive patch, you’ll know where it was invented.
Addition Q&A with the inventors:
1. What inspired the development of the "Wearable Disposable Electrotherapy" concept, and how did your team first envision electronic-free wearable medicine?
There are many medical conditions for which drug therapy is either insufficiently effective or associated with unwanted side effects. Electrotherapy is a promising alternative, but current devices are often bulky and difficult for patients to use. Wearable Disposable Electrotherapy brings together the therapeutic advantages of electrotherapy with the simplicity and usability of pharmacotherapy.
2. The patches are described as single-use, battery-free, and electronics-free. Could you explain the mechanism by which they generate and deliver therapeutic energy without traditional power components?
Conventional electrotherapy devices rely on packaged batteries and electronic circuits to control stimulation. Because our goal was to create a single-use device that is inexpensive and environmentally benign, we developed an electronics-free electrotherapy delivery system. Each millimeter-thin patch contains a network of electrochemical components that become activated upon skin contact. This novel electrochemical architecture self-regulates to deliver one controlled therapeutic dose. By using only abundant materials and scalable printing-based manufacturing, we keep both complexity and cost to a minimum.
3. Your paper highlights applications ranging from wound healing to neurological therapy and drug delivery. Which of these areas do you see as the most promising for near-term clinical translation?
Wearable Disposable Electrotherapy is a platform that can be tuned for many therapeutic applications. We are currently focused on three use cases for near-term clinical translation.
First, we demonstrated that Wearable Disposable Electrotherapy bandages can accelerate wound healing, reduce infection, and minimize complications; clinical trials will begin with post-surgical wound care.
Second, forehead-applied patches will be tested for depression and migraine therapy—essentially bringing brain stimulation into a simple single-use format.
Third, we are developing versions designed for delivering drugs through the skin without needles.
4. Environmental sustainability is an important consideration for single-use devices. How did your team ensure the materials used in these patches are safe and eco-friendly?
Environmental sustainability was a core design priority from the outset. We rebuilt the electrotherapy platform around simple, inert, mineral-based materials. The patches use only microgram quantities of naturally occurring, environmentally safe minerals arranged in thin printed layers to form a functional electrotherapy system. Because the device contains no electronics and is manufactured using low-impact processes, its overall footprint is dramatically lower than that of conventional electrotherapy devices, which rely on disposable electrodes plus electronic housings, batteries, and resource-intensive fabrication. Our approach replaces all of this with a clean, minimal, eco-conscious alternative.
5. What challenges did you face in designing a device that successfully integrates chemical, electrical, and biomedical principles while remaining simple enough for disposable, everyday use?
Developing this platform required nearly a decade of iterative design. The process was inherently recursive—advances in one component often required revisiting and improving others. Integrating chemistry, electrochemistry, material science, and bioengineering while keeping the device simple, manufacturable, and comfortable for patients was deeply complex. We also had to consider patient experience, real-world therapy distribution, and cost constraints simultaneously, making this one of the most challenging but rewarding engineering problems we have tackled.
6. Looking ahead, what are the next steps for this technology—are there plans for clinical trials, partnerships with medical device companies, or commercial development?
Commercialization will proceed through our new venture, Wearable Medicine. Clinical trials are underway to validate the technology for specific therapeutic indications. We are actively pursuing partnerships with investors and medical device companies that recognize the transformative potential of Wearable Disposable Electrotherapy—the first medical technology to unite the strengths of pharmacotherapy with those of electrotherapy.
Mohamad FallahRad, Kyle Donnery, Mojtaba Belali Koochesfahani, Zeeshan Chaudhry, Rayyan Bhuiyan, Benjamin Babaev, Matthew Saw, Tiffany Liu, Miguel R. Diaz Uraga, Mahdi Zaman, Kisholoy Saha, Osvaldo Velarde, Ayman Rddad, Niranjan Khadka, Myesha Thahsin, Alexander Couzis & Marom Bikson. Wearable disposable electrotherapy. Nat Commun 16, 9060 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-64101-x PDF
REVIEW
Joiner, Evan F. 1; Bikson, Marom 2; Carmel, Jason B. 2
1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York
3 Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
Current Opinion in Neurology ():10.1097/WCO.0000000000001433, October 13, 2025. | DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001433
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for pain control and movement recovery have developed using overlapping technologies (dose) but parallel conceptual frameworks.
While the pain field has traditionally focused on targeting the dorsal columns, the movement recovery field has emphasized activating afferents near the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ).
In the absence of large differences in recruitment thresholds and/or steep recruitment curves, selective activation of dorsal columns versus dorsal root fibers may not be practical.
Further investigation of mechanistic overlap between SCS for pain and movement recovery may yield therapeutic insights for both fields.
K. Weise, S.N. Makaroff, Z. Qi, B. Danskin, O. Numssen, M. Bikson, T.R. Knösche, Microscopic electric fields form mesoscale electric fields and influence TMS activation thresholds, Brain Stimulation, 18: 6, 2025, Pages 1852-1854, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.016 PDF
Updated images:
Marom Bikson speaks on “Home-Based Neuromodulatory Technologies for Migraine and Pain” on Sep 13, 2015 at the 22nd annual International Headache Congress in São Paulo, Brazil
PDF of slide.
New publication:
Kallene Summer Moreira Vidal, Beatriz Araújo Cavendish, Stephan Goerigk, Mariana Batista, Alisson Rafael Oliveira Lima, Bianca Silva Pinto, Adriano Augusto Neto Domingos, Juliana Pereira de Sousa, Rebeca Pelosof, Laiss Bertola, Valquiria Silva, Claudia Kimie Suemoto, Lais Boralli Razza, Marom Bikson, Giuseppina Pilloni, Leigh Charvet, Pedro H R Silva, Andre R Brunoni (2025) Transcranial direct current stimulation plus cognitive training for cognitive symptoms in patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. Brain Stimulation, Aug 21:S1935-861X(25)00311-0. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2025.08.018.
Download: PDF
• PASC causes enduring cognitive deficits and anxiety/depression symptoms that impair quality of life.
• No therapies are currently approved for cognitive or mood impairments in PASC.
• The impact of cognitive training (CT) plus tDCS in PASC has not been evaluated.
• In a doubleblind, sham-controlled trial, tDCS+CT improved inhibitory control, processing speed, and divided attention, although the effects were small.
• Depression and anxiety improved similarly in active and sham groups.
Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) is characterized by persistent cognitive deficits alongside anxiety and depression symptoms that adversely affect quality of life. Cognitive training (CT) programs and non-invasive neuromodulation, specifically transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have each shown promise for alleviating similar deficits in non-clinical populations. However, their combined efficacy has not yet been evaluated in PASC patients. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether the combination of CT and tDCS produces benefits for cognitive and mood-related symptoms in individuals with PASC.
We conducted a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial in adults aged 18–75 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within the past six months and persisting cognitive complaints. They were randomized to a 4-week in-person intervention of 20 weekday sessions of either active (2 mA anodal-left, cathodal-right prefrontal stimulation) or sham tDCS paired with an app-based CT program. Primary outcomes were six standardized neuropsychological tests assessing verbal memory, working memory, executive functioning, attention, and language, administered at baseline and immediately post-intervention. As secondary outcomes, we assessed changes in depression and anxiety symptoms over the treatment period.
Sixty participants (mean age 43.8 ± 13.2 years, 71.7 % women) were randomized to active tDCS + CT or sham tDCS + CT groups, and 52 finished the trial. Compared to sham, tDCS + CT resulted in significantly greater improvement in tests evaluating inhibitory control (effect size [ES] = 0.07, 95 % CI 0 to 0.23, p = 0.046), processing speed (ES = 0.08, 95 % CI 0 to 0.25, p = 0.034), and divided attention (ES = 0.08, 95 % CI 0 to 0.24, p = 0.039), but not in tests evaluating other domains. Both groups improved similarly in depression and anxiety symptoms. Participant's and rater's active guess rates did not differ between groups (ps > 0.20).
An intervention with prefrontal targeted tDCS + CT in patients with PASC with cognitive complaints might be effective in improving attention, processing speed and inhibitory control, although further studies are warranted to prospectively confirm these findings.
Prof Marom Bikson speaks at the 3rd Neuroscience of the Everyday World (N.E.W.) Conference.
on “Wearable Disposable Electotherapy”
Jul 28-29 2025
The third edition of the Neuroscience of the Everyday World Conference is bringing together leaders in the fields of computer science, biomedical engineering, cognitive science, neurology, and clinical neuroscience to present state-of-the-art research, all focused on the study of human brain function and continuous brain measurement in real-world activities. The presentations will all focus on innovative methodologies, different real-world contexts, and a range of healthy and disease states.
